Kidney stone disease is a common condition among men. Although not fatal, the severity of the disease is determined by the position of the kidney stone rather than its size. If the stone does not block the ureter, even if it is as large as 1-2 cm, it will not cause any problems. The ureter is responsible for draining urine from the renal pelvis, where urine collects, into the bladder.

Kidney stones can cause a blockage in the ureter and pelvis renalis, leading to symptoms such as back pain and renal colic. Renal colic is a severe pain that radiates from the backbone to the waistbone, abdomen, genitals, and inner thighs.

The ureters contract in response to the presence of kidney stones, which can cause kidney damage or failure if left untreated. The kidney plays a crucial role in filtering metabolic waste, excess salt, and water from the blood, as well as regulating blood pressure.

Research conducted by Anggara Hernas Saputra from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH) at Bogor Agricultural University has shown that avocado leaves (Persea americana) possess antilithiasis properties, which inhibit the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, the main component of kidney stones, in rat test animals.

A study conducted by Roby Oktaberan from the Faculty of Pharmacy at Padjadjaran University provides evidence that avocado leaf extract containing tannin, flavonoid, quinone, saponin, and steroid compounds can reduce calcium levels in rat urine.